Assessment Of Alpha Response Technological Company - Samples

Question: Examine about the Assessment Of Alpha Response Technological Company. Answer: Presentation The accompanying report is an evaluation of Alpha Response Technological Company wandering the PC advertise in Rwanda. Alpha reaction mechanical Company (ARTS) is a Taiwan based innovation firm and is anticipating propelling it workstations in Rwanda. Rwanda is nation situated in Central East Africa. Rwanda like other creating nations is having progress regarding innovation and society. The Rwanda PC showcase is commanded by Positivo BGH who will be the fundamental contenders of ARTS Company. The report will survey Rwanda utilizing PESTLE Analysis, talk about outside ventures, and apply 5 powers investigation to show openings in the Rwanda advertise. The report will likewise diagram the motivating forces that are accessible when entering the Rwanda Special Economic Zone. PESTLE Analysis Factor Examination Political Rwanda is politically steady after 1994 Genocide. Financial Economy is overseen by National Bank of Rwanda. 90% of the populace works in Agriculture part. The nation money is Rwandan franc. Per capita GDP is $2090 Rwanda has a free market economy. Mechanical part contribute 14% of GDP while farming 32% Mechanical There is 4G web association ICT has been fused in the instruction framework Condition The administration has assigned unique monetary zones for organizations. Social culture Rwanda has a populace of 11262564 individuals The populace is youthful making 53% matured 16-64 of the absolute populace. Rwanda is thickly populated with 445 occupants/km Tertiary training enlistment is 8%. Proficiency rate is at 71(those that can peruse and compose) Training is given by government through state funded school to optional level. The general public is as yet recouping from the 1994 decimation Lawful condition Organizations need to get licenses before beginning to make workstations in Kigali Impetuses in Rwandan Special Economic Zones The monetary zones are controlled by Special Economic Zones Authority of Rwanda(SEZAR). SEZAR attempts to guarantee that the tasks of the Special Economic Zone are in accordance with the countrys framework, social, and financial strategies. The monetary zone has a few impetuses that are planned for pulling in remote speculation to the nation. The motivators to enter Rwandan Special Economic Zones are; first, the firm gains admittance to storerooms. Second, the firm can get dependable utilities. These incorporate water, sanitation and force. Third, the monetary zone has workplaces that are open to firms working tin the zone and in this manner there is no compelling reason to develop one. The zone likewise offers off site and on location streets connects to primary streets and the air terminal. Also, firms working in Special Economic Zones can get decreased tax and client obligations. Current Foreign interest in Rwanda Rwanda economy has encountered the a high monetary development of 8.8% GDP on have for as far back as 10 years. The economy has both stable swapping scale and expansion rate. The GDP development has been evaluated the most noteworthy in Africa. Rwanda was appraised as the most serious spot in East Africa to work together and third in Sub Saharan Region. The outside speculation rate is 25% of the GDP. As of now, the nation has a decent business condition is encouraged by Special monetary zones. The nation likewise has modest work. The administration has set ICT parks are serves to outfit the youthful age with ICT abilities. Expressions Motivation to enter Rwandan Market The ARTS inspirations to enter the Rwandan market are; first, the Rwandan market has modest assembling work. This will empower the organization lower it cost of creation and thus have the option to offer serious costs in the market. Furthermore, the Rwandan market has charge motivating forces and accordingly empowering the business to work in a more business amicable condition. Thirdly, there is just one significant contender who the organization accepts they can beat in the market. Positivo BGH is seen as frail since they took ARTS structures. Finally, the organization considers delivering in the Rwanda on the grounds that there is western feeling still in the Rwandan culture against western nations and in this manner might want to purchase more from privately created workstations in the market. 5 Forces Analysis Powers Examination Dangers of new contestants There are no obstructions to industry section. The ARTS have confronted with high treat of new solid contenders entering the market (Hill,Jones, and Schilling, 2014). Haggling intensity of clients There are numerous clients in the Rwandan market and along these lines clients have low haggling power (Jameson, 2007). Dangers of substitute Close substitutes of workstations are tablets and other advanced cell gadgets. These items danger the thriving of the PC business. This is on the grounds that they are progressively versatile and reasonable (Peppard, and Ward, 2016). Forces of providers Expressions Company approaches numerous providers around the globe rendering it providers to have low control over the organization. The organization can direct costs of it crude materials. The Rwandan worker's guilds are not in solidarity to can anticipate significant salary (Yunna, and Yisheng, 2014). Industry contention The fundamental rival in the market is Positivo BGH. The business contention will be high (Grundy, 2006). Examination among ARTS and Positivo Primary Product Lines Expressions Primary line GT80S Titan SLI 18.4in Core i7 Notebook Positivo BGH Primary Product line Serie FX 1000 Intel i7 6920HQ CPU Intel Core M-5Y10c NVIDIA GeForce GTX980M designs in SLI Joined Intel HD Graphic 5300 32 GB DDR4 memory 4GB Super Raid 4 512GB Solid State Drive - 1TB hard drive 128GB 18.4in Full HD against glare show Smaller than usual HDMI Executioner Gigabit LAN WLAN 802.11 b/g/N Dynaudio 7.1 Audio Realtek ALC269Q Bluetooth 4.2 - 1* HDMI Smaller than usual HDMI 1* Mini Display Port - 5*USB 3.0 2* USB 3.0 1*USB Super Port Type - C Quantitative examination Rwandan Market Western Market Cost AUD 4999/Franc 3000012.82 AUD 4999/franc 3000012.82 Expenses Crude materials AUD 2020 AUD 1840 Work AUD 560 AUD 1540 Different costs AUD 1420 AUD 1020 Net benefit AUD 999 AUD599 Suggestions From the examination of this report, the Rwandan Market is positive and has significant yields contrasted with western market. The organization will have the option to get exceptional yields in the market. In spite of the fact that the underlying expense and crude material expenses are high the work is modest. The organization profits by modest work. The organization ought to consequently put resources into the Rwandan market. End From the report, Rwandan business condition is ideal. The Pestle and 5 powers investigation shows that the market has an open door for development. The legislature of Rwanda has motivators for remote venture that makes it simple to work in the nation. There are hardly any contenders and the ARTS item is better than Positivo BGH. The organization will likewise profit by significant yields in the Rwandan market. References Freeman, R.E., 2010. Vital administration: A partner approach. Cambridge college press. Grundy, T., 2006. Reexamining and rethinking Michael Porter's five powers model. Vital Change, 15(5), pp.213-229. Slope, C.W., Jones, G.R. what's more, Schilling, M.A., 2014. Key administration: hypothesis: a coordinated methodology. Cengage Learning. Jameson, F., 2007. Late Marxism (p. 214). Verso. Lee, H., Kim, M.S. also, Park, Y., 2012. A scientific system process way to deal with operationalization of five powers model. Applied Mathematical Modeling, 36(4), pp.1783-1795. Peppard, J. also, Ward, J., 2016. The vital administration of data frameworks: Building an advanced methodology. John Wiley Sons. Yunna, W. what's more, Yisheng, Y., 2014. The opposition circumstance investigation of shale gas industry in China: Applying Porters five powers and situation model. Inexhaustible and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 40, pp.798-805.

What is a research hypothesis

What is an exploration speculation? Characterize directional, nondirectional, and factual/invalid theory explanations. An examination speculation is an announcement around two factors, autonomous and subordinate, and their relationship with a normal result dependent on the exploration question which, if directional, will express the normal bearing of the connection between the free and ward factors. On the off chance that the examination speculation is nondirectional it won't express the normal course inside the relationship of the factors however that a relationship exists. The measurable speculation or invalid theory states there is no connection between the autonomous and ward factors and inability to dismiss the invalid speculation will bolster the exploration theory. (LoBiondo-Wood and Haber, 2006) Define the accompanying: free factor, subordinate variable (note that the reliant variable is of essential enthusiasm to the analyst). The autonomous variable is controlled in test examine studies and expected to happen normally in nonexperimental studies to gauge or watch the impact on the needy variable. The reliant variable isn't changed or controlled and is the variable that is concentrated by changes in the free factor. The needy variable is the thing that the analyst is keen on clarifying, understanding, or foreseeing. (LoBiondo-Wood and Haber, 2006) Distinguish the free and ward variable in the accompanying articulation: Women who go to labor classes will be more averse to utilize torment medicine than ladies who don't go to labor classes. The reliant variable is torment medication, which ladies would take less of if free factor, labor classes, is available. In your own words, clarify the interrelationships between an examination question, writing audit, hypothetical system, and speculation. The exploration question must be quantifiable, show connection between factors ith an expressed populace, which will control the writing audit. The writing survey is centered around explore questions, or guided by the examination questions, alongside the hypothetical structure, which additionally manages the exploration in what will be estimated or looked at in the examination question, together they all structure the theory. The exploration theory will be guided by the writing audit, inquire about inquiry, and hypothetical structure to offer a response to the examination question that can be approved. Realize that the principle motivation behind writing audit is to pick up knowledge and comprehension of research that has been done identified with a specific territory of subject of intrigue. Characterize and separate among essential and optional sources. Essential sources are from the individual who led contemplates, built up the hypothesis, or arranged the conversation on an idea or theme. They are fundamental in writing survey; most are distributed yet some may not be. Optional sources or utilized at times however ought to be constrained in writing survey. They are from somebody other than the first creator. The work is normally a scrutinize or survey of the work and could conceivably be distributed. (LoBiondo-Wood and Haber, 2006) What does it mean if a diary is refereed or peer-inspected? A refereed diary has outside and interior analysts or editors who are specialists in different fields to study or judge the article or original copy before distribution which will improve its validity. A friend looked into article or original copy is assessed by individual authorities of research that has been done to survey its accuracy for distribution or further turn of events.

Sports in canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sports in canada - Essay Example The most widely recognized games are ice hockey, soccer, b-ball, Canadian football and lacrosse. Brandishing exercises in Canada fill in as a binding together factor for its kin who originate from various foundations of assorted societies and conventions. This decent variety now and then goes about as reason for disunity and disagreement among the populace, and it has been discovered that Sport gets through all these imperceptible obstructions raised by individuals between one another. Canadian games are portrayed by having a rich history and solid national qualities are appended to certain games exercises. This is a conversation about the hugeness of Canadian games and the various jobs and purposes it plays in Canadian culture. Canada was home to Native Americans who are alluded to as Indians, and they are the native occupants of Canada. The aboriginals utilized brandishing exercises to quality and cultivate solid between faction relations that were crucial for their endurance and g eneral prosperity. Donning exercises at first created from people’s day by day tasks, and as better approaches for doing things created, more seasoned methods for doing things was done only for recreation and delight. Much the same as others from various civic establishments, Canadian aboriginals utilized games to rehearse their basic instincts. ... porting exercises that can certify to the Native Americans are lacrosse, arrow based weaponry, toboggan, kayak races and lance tossing which was later changed over to lance tossing (Morrow and Wamsley 98). In the early improvement of sports, in the ‘First Nation’ as certain individuals call Canada was confronted with two or three difficulties like abuse, ethnocentric mutilation and prejudice (Canadian Encyclopedia ). This was particularly defense in the minority bunches including dark and Native Americans. These minority bunches were at first not permitted to take part in indistinguishable occasions from white Europeans by ethicalness of their skin shading and racial foundation (Canadian Encyclopedia). This has been defeated through different authoritative and arrangement changes in the laws and guidelines overseeing donning exercises in the nation. After some time, this has added to huge changes in the manner sport is seen by individuals from the Canadian culture. The d onning custom in Canada energized and cultivate national union among its kin particularly between the Native Americans and the involving Europeans. Sports empowered these two gatherings to connect on an equivalent stage where there were no limitations or limits isolating them. In present day times, sports in Canada have advanced to turn into a lifestyle for a portion of the in excess of a million Canadians who mess around like ice hockey as a feature of their a way of life. Canadian game is described having two seasons for sport on account of the atmosphere in the area. Canada encounters snowfall for most of the year consequently requiring the turn of events and adjustment of wearing exercises that are appropriate to these conditions. A genuine case of such a game is ice hockey which is equal with Canada everywhere throughout the world (Morrow and Wamsley

Japans Juvenile Justice System - Free Essay Example

Japan is a chain of islands located in the Pacific Ocean with a population of 127,185,332 people. This island nation is the forefront of technology, especially in Tokyo, which is also the largest city in Japan. There are four main islands that are called Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu. Most of Japans population lives on these main islands. Japan has a very homogenous with about 98.5 percent of the population being Japanese with small minorities of Korean, Chinese, and Brazilians. The largest native ethnic group in Japan is the Yamato people. Japan is the worlds oldest country that being the percent of the population age 65 or older is about 26.7 percent and is predicted to hit 40 percent by 2050. Japan has the highest life expectancy in the world. Sadly, Japan also has one of the worlds highest suicide rates. Back in 2009, there was a suicide every 15 minutes adding up to 33,000 people taking their own life. Thankfully Japans suicide rate has been on a steady decline over the last few years, however, it is still the leading cause of death of individuals age 30 or younger. It is predicted that Japans population could fall to just about 96,000,000 by 2050, to combat this the government is now announcing incentives for families to have more than one child. This pa per is about the crime and delinquency in japan. The justice agencies that deal with these situations and how they compare with the U.S. Crime and Delinquency The age of criminal responsibility is 12 in japan compared to criminal responsibility being 6 in the united states. In 2015 japans criminal levels were 12.8 % to rank (18th) compared to the US at 55.84 (ranked 30th). Murder rate per million people at 3.97in Japan compared to 42.01 U. S Rape per million people at 10.11 Japan compared to 274.04 in the U.S. Gun crime (guns per 100 residents) 0.6 for Japan compared to 88.8 in the U. S (Japan vs United states crime Stats) The total number of juvenile crimes in japan is 856, 130. 850 of these crimes was murder/ Manslaughter. Robbery was 19,200 of these crimes. Aggravated assault was 28, o6o of these crimes. Burglary was 31,990 of these crimes Larcenytheft was the highest with 134,180 crimes committed. Motor Vehicle theft had 15,720 crimes committed. Lastly arson had 2,550 crimes committed. Along with an extensive list of other crimes such as forgery, fraud, embezzlement, vandalism, runaways, etc. As of 2014 the total number of crimes in Japan is about 2.85 million. The percent of annual cannabis use is0.1% of total crime. Opioid use is0.1% of the total crime committed. The murder rate (per 100k) is 1.02. The rape rate (per100k) is 1. Lastly guns (Per 100) is 0.6 %. In 2017 japan the number of japan juveniles that where the subject to police action was 26,797. 478 of those actions was due to money Transfer fraud and 245 was due to bullying that involved injury or assault. These statistics show that japan has a relatively low crime rate compared to the U.S but they still think that they can do better and a lot of people there are still afraid to walk home from work alone at night. US violent crimes (2016), 1,248,185. 4.1% increase from 2015. In The U.S Aggravated assault accounted for 64.3%, robbery offenses accounted for 26.6%, rape accounted for 7.7%, murder accounted for 1.4% of those violent crimes. Drug crimes are next with 84% of all drug arrests in 2015 were simple low-level drug possession. 43% of all drug arrests were for marijuana law violations and 39% of all arrests were for marijuana possession. Property Crimes are next and in 2016, there were 7,919,035 property offenses (1.3% decline from 2015). Larceny-theft accounted for 71.2%, burglary accounted for 19.1%, motor vehicle theft accounted for 9.7%. Property crimes resulted in $15.6 in losses. In the U.S in 2017, an estimated 1,247,321 violent crimes occurred nationwide, a decrease of 0.2 percent from the 2016 estimate. There were an estimated 382.9 violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants in 2017, a rate that fell 0.9 percent when compared with the 2016 estimated violent crime rate and dropped 16.5 percent from the 2008 estimate. Aggravated assaults accounted for 65.0 percent of violent crimes reported to law enforcement in 2017. Robbery offenses accounted for 25.6 percent of violent crime offenses; rape (legacy definition) accounted for 8.0 percent; and murder accounted for 1.4 percent. Justice Agencies Despite Japans low crime rate, especially when compared to the U.S., Japan still struggles with organized crime. Japans policing agencies and government are making headway in the war on organized crime however. In 2017, membership in the various Yakuza groups declined to 34,500 members according to the National Police Agency. In 1964, Yakuza membership numbered more than 184,000. The Yakuza, and other organized crime syndicates use bars, clubs, and massage parlors as fronts for their less legitimate businesses. In some cases, the Yakuza lend money to individuals and then force them into slavery (typically sex work) to pay back their debts and impossible interest rates. In Tokyo, the Yakuza set up shop in neighborhoods like Roppongi, Shinjuku, Shibuya, and Ikebukuro and target foreign tourists and locals alike. Despite what some may believe, the Yakuza is not just one organization, rather it is a term such as the mafia, and is made up of several Yakuza families. The largest Yakuza fam ily is the Yamaguchi-gumi. The Yakuza are also believed to date back to the time of the samurai and have strict codes of conduct and harsh punishments for failure. It is not uncommon to see individuals in the Yakuza missing fingers, as it is a common punishment for failure to chop off your finger in front of, and present said finger to the boss. The Yakuza are also well known for their tattoos often covering most of the body. Some modern Yakuza are straying away from the tattoo tradition as it is a clear indication of their criminal involvement in a time where the government is cracking down on organized crime. So even though japan has a relative low crime rate they still do struggle with crime and a lot of their crime is organized crime. In Japans Juvenile Justice system, they are mainly focused on rehabilitation of their juveniles. Also, in japan a juvenile is some one who is 14 to 19 years old. Also, they have three different behaviors for juveniles. The first one is offenses committed by those who are 14 years or older. They are classified as Juvenile delinquents/offenders. The Next is Offenses committed by offenders who are younger than age 14 and have committed an illegal act. They are classified as Juveniles below 14. The final one is Juveniles who are more inclined to violate the law and/or commit an offense based on their living environment, personality, and/or inability to follow instructions. They are classified as pre-delinquents. Japan still retains their Parents Patri where the state becomes the parent of the child if the state finds the biological parent unfit to be a parent. There are 50 family courts in Japan this is much fewer than in the US. A number of cases that are referred to family courts a re summary judgment cases, which do not have hearings. The family court may send juveniles to a classification home for evaluation, protection, and observation. Of the 343 cases sent to family court in 2013, 30 (8.7%) were addressed without a hearing. Of the 313 going through a hearing, 123 (39%) received probation,94 (30%) were held in a training school,41 (13%) were placed in a social welfare institution,27 (9%) were served by a social welfare agency, and28 (9%) had no further action. In practice, the Japanese Juvenile Justice system generally operates on reintegrative shaming and restorative justice principles. The underlying premise of reintegrative shaming rests on the notion that disapproval (or shame) along with forgiveness, respect, and acceptance by society may lead to a lower crime rate, if the disapproval of crime is communicated effectively. The restorative justice aspects reflect the Japanese emphasis on apologies and redemption minus the guilt. In the U. S the Populat ion: 326,766,748 (most recent count for 2018). The focus on how to handle juveniles in the system is: rehabilitation. The top crimes in the U.S. for Juveniles is Larceny-Theft- 134,180 , and Burglary- 31,990.Definition of a Juvenile is a person who has not attained his or her eighteenth birthday. How the us deters crime is by having sociological outlook on things, that with the right environment socially and in the home, juveniles will be less likely to commit crimes. In the U.S crime is something that we have viewed as just inherently wrong rather then it being something we should be ashamed of. Comparison of Japan and the United States Juvenile Justice Systems Japans juvenile justice system is focused more on rehabilitation rather than punishment. The Japanese use rehabilitation because they believe juveniles do not have the capacity to determine right from wrong. When they use punishment on juveniles, it is mostly with shaming tactics, with forgiveness and acceptance too. With 50 family courts in Japan, the system involves the parents in the juvenile justice process. Majority of juveniles who go to family court receive probation or get sent to a training school. When compared to the U.S. Japan has a significantly lower crime rate. Japan has approximately 2.85 million crimes a year, while the U.S. matches that with just violent crimes and drug crimes. In the juvenile system, Japan has about 26,800 juveniles encounter police action. Meanwhile, the U.S. arrests 856,100 juveniles. When it comes to organized crime, Japan is still struggling. While the number has declined significantly, the Yakuza families have an estimated 34,500 members com bined. The Yakuzas have been known to lend money to people and keep them in debt, as well as set up shops to target tourists and locals. So, in conclusion Japan has a great juvenile justice system but they still struggle with crimes especially with adult crimes and organized crimes.

Economic Utility The Pleasure of Products

The utility is an economists way of measuring pleasure or happiness with a product, service, or labor and how it relates to the decisions that people make in purchasing or performing it. Utility measures the benefits (or drawbacks) from consuming a good or service or from work, and although utility is not directly measurable, it can be inferred from the decisions that people make. In economics,  marginal  utility  is usually described by a function, such as the exponential utility function. Expected Utility In measuring the utility of a certain good, service, or labor, economics use either expected or indirect utility to express the amount of pleasure from consuming or purchasing an object. Expected utility refers to the utility of an agent facing uncertainty and is calculated by considering possible state and constructing a weighted average of utility. These weights are therein determined by the probability of each state given the agents estimate. Expected utility is applied in any situation where the outcome of using the good or service or working is deemed to be a risk for the consumer. Essentially, it is hypothesized that the human decider may not always choose the higher expected value investment option. Such is the case in the example of being guaranteed a $1 payment or gambling for a $100 payment with a probability of reward at 1 in 80, otherwise getting nothing. This results in an expected value of $1.25. According  to the expected utility theory, a person may be so risk averse they will still choose the less valuable guarantee rather than gambling for the $1.25 expected value.   Indirect Utility For this purpose, the indirect utility is very much like a total utility, calculated via a function using variables of price, supply, and availability. It creates a  utility curve  to define and graph the subconscious and conscious factors that determine customer product valuation. The calculation relies on a function of variables like the availability of goods in the market (which is its maximum point) against a persons income versus a change in the price of goods. Though usually, consumers think of their preferences in terms of consumption rather than price.   In terms of microeconomics, the indirect utility function is the inverse of the expenditure function (when the price is kept constant), whereby the expenditure function determines the minimum amount of money a person must spend to receive any amount of utility from a good. Marginal Utility After you determine both of these functions, you can then determine the marginal utility of a good or service because marginal utility is defined as the utility gained from consuming one additional unit. Basically, the marginal utility is a way for economists to determine how much of a product consumers will buy.   Applying this to economic theory relies on the law of diminishing marginal utility which states that each subsequent unit of product or good consumed will diminish in value. In practical application, that would mean that once a consumer has used a single unit of a good, such as a slice of pizza, the next unit would have less utility.

Single-system design. Meditation to decrease anxiety.

AbstractThe paper summarizes a single-system design aimed at improving the participants score on the Clinical Assessment of Anxiety through the intervention of meditative breathing. A baseline of three weeks was measured followed by four weeks of treatment phase. During the treatment phase, the participant completed meditative breathing exercise three times daily for five days each week. The participant completed the Clinical Assessment of Anxiety each Friday of the treatment phase. The results indicated improvement in the scores, however the participants score never got below the clinical cutting score of 30. Meditative Breathing for the Treatment of AnxietyThe purpose of this paper is to present the findings from an experiment that†¦show more content†¦Meditation is also appropriate in treating anxiety since persistent symptoms of anxiety, and depression, often reflect deficiencies in coping that meditation techniques often have a positive effect on (Toneatto Ngyuen, 2007). Meditative breathing is specific form of meditative that has been found effective in treating symptoms of anxiety (Vukovic, 2003). Meditative breathing is essentially taking a few minutes to stop and focus on the rising and falling on your breath. A person will do the activity for a specified time limit or number of breaths. The goal is for the person to clear his or her mind of all thoughts unrelated to their breathing. Through this process the person is said to be centering themselves and disengaging from stressful distractions such as racing and/or obsessive thoughts (Murphy, 2006). Meditative breathing is effective in treating anxiety for several reasons. First, meditative breathing reduced the persons heart rate and therefore has a positive effect on the physiological symptoms of anxiety. Second, meditative breathing is convenient and practical in that it can be performed in any location and takes little time to complete. Third, initial results are immediate- producing an instant calm when performed. Lastly, it can be combined with other treatment modalities (Vukovic, 2003). For these reasons, meditative breathing was chosen as the appropriate intervention strategy to combat anxiety.Show MoreRelatedEssay about Music As Therapy1222 Words   |  5 Pagesmusical interventions to restore, maintain, and improve emotional, physical, physiological, and spiritual health and well-being. These are the key elements which define interventions as music therapy. Music Therapy is goal oriented and provides a system to work towards a specific therapeutic goal and objective. Goals identified can include communicative, academic, motor emotional and social skills. 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Write About the Ways Love Is Explored in Two Soliloquies free essay sample

Shakespeare expresses the theme of death throughout Romeos soliloquy to enable the audience to empathise and feel pathos toward Juliet â€Å"Death that hath suck the honey of thy breath†. The word â€Å"breath† is ironic and is symbolic of how Romeo cannot bare to be without Juliet, so much so that he feels the sensation of suffocation. Dramatic irony is also apparent as the audience knows that Juliet is still alive; this sentiment provokes emotion as the audience is willing for Romeo to notice that she is not dead. Also the fact that love is blind plays an ironic almost humorous part here as Romeo is failing to see Juliet is still alive. The theme of death continues as Shakespeare personifies death throughout the soliloquy to present it as a more sinister force and rival for Juliet’s love: â€Å"shall I believe that unsubstantial death is amorous? And that the lean abhorred monster keeps thee here in the dark to be his paramour? † The negative language negative language used to personify death, â€Å"lean abhorred monster†, illustrates Romeos sense of disgust but more importantly, the fear that death has taken Juliet from him. Romeo’s fear is clearly expressed when Shakespeare writes: â€Å"For fear of that I still will stay here with thee/here i will remain†. The repetition of â€Å"here† conveys Romeos determination to stay with Juliet to the extent that he will take his own life. Therefore, the audience get the impression that Romeo feels he must kill himself to preserve their love, a trait which links with his hamatia. Furthermore, Shakespeare employs the ongoing lexical field of death to create a sense of foreboding and heighten the dramatic irony. The main protagonist Romeo personifies death using a metaphor to express its severity. He explains how death has not â€Å"conquered† Juliet’s beauty â€Å"yet†. The word yet implies that death is inevitable which links to the phrase â€Å"star crossed lovers† that is delivered in the prologue. Elizabethan people were highly superstitious and believed heavily in fate which would have contributed to the many attributes that make Romeo a tragic hero. â€Å"And deaths pale flag is not advanced there. Shakespeare‘s use of nautical language is used to infer how Romeo has almost been â€Å"shipwrecked† (as he says later in the soliloquy) which highlights his solitude and his incomplete sensation he feels without Juliet present. In Addition, the audience so observes that Romeo’s obsessive and unconditional love for Juliet contributes to his fall from grace and greatly adheres to his hamartia. â€Å"Thee here in dark to be his paramour/hereâ €™s to my love†. Dramatic irony and a paradox of light is used her to show Romeo’s possessiveness and impetuousness. The fact that he says â€Å"my† shows his obsessive naivety, as he almost loves Juliet too much so to speak. It is clear for the audience to see that Romeo is ruled by fate, doomed from the start. A contemporary audience would have profoundly disagreed to this ethos as in a modern way we believe that we choose or make our own â€Å"fate†. Contrastingly Shakespeare uses powerful repetition to emphasise the importance and severity of Othello’s opening line. The use of monosyllabic words creates tension, highlighting Othello’s chilling tone. It is the cause, it is the cause my soul â€Å". Here Othello is addressing his soul and conscience, trying to justify the terrible act which he is about to commit; but in his mind he already has established the inevitability of his actions. The fact that Othello uses the word â€Å"It â€Å"shows he cannot bring himself to name the act that Desdemona has supposedly committed. Even this early in the soliloquy, the read er can clearly distinguish Othello’s hamartia (the traits that make a tragic hero). We see his serious errors in judgment (believing Iago without proof) which later leads him to committing the dead (Taking Desdemona’s) that leads to his downfall. Additionally, Othello changes the address of his soliloquy from his inner self, to the â€Å"Chaste stars â€Å". It is a commonly known fact that the Elizabethan era were very superstitious; so it is very understandable that they could empathise with Othello’s â€Å"cause â€Å" and understand his alliance with the stars. â€Å"Let me not name it to you, chaste stars â€Å". This is reminiscent of the prologue in Romeo and Juliet, where it refers to â€Å"star crossed lovers â€Å", the audience can now see a clear correlation between obsessive love and death, which is sad as in both plays the deceased lovers are â€Å" innocent â€Å". Here Othello is further trying to reassure himself that he is doing the just thing; that his actions are almost written in â€Å"alabaster â€Å"inevitable. Referring to the â€Å"chaste stars â€Å" is also part of Othello’s hamartia; the idea of being doomed from the beginning . Also his obsessive, overpowering love for Desdemona, distorts his perception of reality, which is why he failed to detect the lies being fed to him by Iago. Shakespeare uses dramatic irony to highlight Desdemona’s innocence, the fact that Othello says â€Å"chaste â€Å"is almost humorous as the audience knows that Desdemona is completely innocent, never committing adultery in her extremely short life. Just as Romeo speaks of Juliet’s beauty, even in death, to emphasise his love for her, so too does Othello in acknowledging Desdemona’s outward perfection and beauty. â€Å".. hiter skin than snow/And smooth as monumental alabaster.. † Here Shakespeare uses and extended metaphor, which is ironic as Othello is comparing Desdemona to white snow, white being symbolic of innocence and purity which paradoxes the vile dead which he is about to commit. Shakespeare use of figurative language here powerfully reflects Othello’s intense love and adoration for Desdemona. The fact that Othello elevates Desdemona to a position of â€Å"Monumental† perfection shows that he is savouring her beauty before confirming his resolve that â€Å"she must die†. Furthermore, Shakespeare’s clever use of dramatic irony and ability to control the audiences’ emotions through powerful imperative verbs is shown in this part of the soliloquy. â€Å"Yet she must die, else she’ll betray more men†. Othello’s resolve is highlighted by a break in the flow of the verse, emphasised by a colon. This break represents his sorrow, regret and anguish. The fact that Othello is a â€Å"Moore† means he suffered both outwardly (isolation and alienation attacks) and inwardly (tortured conscience). Unfortunately the finality of this statement conveys to the audience the harsh reality that Othello is going carry out this injustice. Also this particular line said by Othello links with what Brabantio (desdamona’s father) says in the beginning of the play â€Å"Look to her, Moor, if thou hast eyes to see: She has deceived her father, and may thee†. This here is very ironic, as Othello is going to murder Desdemona for the exact thing her father warned him about, except she has not committed the act. We the audience feel pathos toward Desdemona as even her father had a false predicament and made an extreme error in judging his own daughters character. Unsurprisingly this links with Romeo and Juliet’s struggle to be together as a result of the â€Å"family feud†. Love is portrayed to be a hardship in both plays, which may be one of the reasons the love is so obsessive and unhealthy. To conclude, I believe that the theme of love is convayed very effectively in both Romeos and Othello’s soliloquy. Both invoked a variety of emotions and allow the audience to really connect with the characters. A great amount of dramatic irony and tension is delivered at pivotal points in both plays where obsessive leads to the suicide of Juliet and contrastingly the murder of Desdemona.

Learning Theories Comparative Perspective

Educators have offered different explanations of how learning takes place. The lack of consensus on the ideal learning method has led to emergence of many learning theories. Leonard (2002) defines learning theories as the â€Å"conceptual frameworks that describe how information is absorbed, processed, and retained during learning† (23). Some educators argue that learning is simply a change of behavior.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Learning Theories: Comparative Perspective specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Others feel that change of behavior is too simplistic to encompass all that learning entails. To them, learning is complex and thus employs high mental faculties. Several factors influence how human beings acquire knowledge. The cognitive and emotional state of the learner plays a major role in determining people’s worldview (LefrancÃŒ §ois, 2012). Additionally, the physical environmen t has a profound effect on people’s absorption and retention of new knowledge. This paper will extrapolate three learning theories: behaviorism, cognitive, and constructivism. It will further put the theories side by side and explain their differences. Behaviorism theorists argue that learning takes place through conditioning (Skinner, 1976). To them, learning does not involve mental activities. To measure whether learning has taken place, what one needs to do is to establish whether there has been a change in behavior. Operant and classic conditioning underpins the theory. Pavlov, a psychologist, developed and popularized Classic conditioning. By carrying out experiments with dogs, he established that human beings and animals respond in a specific way to certain stimulus. B.F Skinner reinforced this school of thought through operant conditioning. He taught a pigeon to dance and concluded that a response follows every stimulus (Turner, 2007). If this response attracts a rewar d, it becomes more frequent. The implication for learning is that to encourage or discourage a behavior, teachers can use positive or negative reinforcement. This is the basis on which educators advocate for the use of rewards and punishment in learning. Cognitive theory explains that a child’s cognitive ability develops with age. Jean Piaget developed and popularized the theory. Piaget and Roberts (1976) aver that children â€Å"build cognitive structures and mental maps for understanding and responding to physical experiences within their environment† (56). Educators must therefore desist from â€Å"suffocating† learners with complex knowledge that is not in tandem with their cognitive levels.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More An infant’s capacities are limited to simple reflexes but they develop and become more complex as the child’s grow. In the early life of a child, abstract learning is difficult to conceptualize. Teachers should focus on concrete things especially those that the child can manipulate using motor skills. The complexity of learning materials should increase commensurate with the child’s cognitive structures. The child’s mental map accommodates new learning and creates equilibrium between what the child is capable of absorbing and the experiences emanating from the environment. Constructivism theory is more philosophically grounded than the two theories discussed above. It argues that human beings understand the world through reflection on current and past experiences. Leonard (2002) avers that each human being generates â€Å"his own rules and mental models which he uses to make sense of his experiences† (34). In learning, therefore, people create space for new experiences by simply making a change to their mental models. People search for meaning through reflection. Learning is not a mere regurgitation of knowledge but a deep search for meaning in every thing human beings do. Before teaching, a teacher should establish the perception of the learner in the particular discipline or subject. The teaching should not just focus on the whole but also on the parts (LefrancÃŒ §ois, 2012). The theory discounts the use of tests for assessment. According to constructivists, learning is a product of individual’s reflection as he or she interacts with new knowledge. As such, examinations cannot be effective in establishing whether learning has taken place. Comparative Perspective Educators consider behaviorism theory the traditional approach in teaching and learning. The teacher is the source of knowledge and the learner is the recipient. The teacher delivers the knowledge directly to the learner. If the information is complex, the teacher has the discretion to provide it to the learner through contingencies that incorporate rewards and reinforcement. Ritzer and Sage Publications (2005) aver that in behaviorism, â€Å"students learn without teaching, in their natural environments, but teachers arrange special contingencies which expedite learning, hastening the appearance of behavior which would otherwise be acquired slowly† (64). Examinations are an indispensable item in learning for behaviorist theorists.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Learning Theories: Comparative Perspective specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Their aim is to measure whether there have been any changes in the behavior of the learner. Educators motivate learners through rewards and reinforcement. If a learner errs, punishment comes in handy to bring about behavioral change. The learners task in this approach is acquire facts and master skills. An educator must praise and reward learners who make small accomplishments. Behaviorist theorists employ progress charts to monitor learnersâ⠂¬â„¢ improvement. The educator can apply his authority to punish learners who show little or no behavioral change. In constructivism, learning takes place through problem solving and discovery. It is not structured. It instead unfolds in a natural and uninhibited manner. Human beings have an innate curiosity. If given the liberty, they are capable of discovering things by themselves as long as there is motivation. Learning is neither teacher-centered nor at the direction of a teacher or an authority. The approach, in the eyes of behaviorist theorists, lacks â€Å"meaningful learning† (Turner, 2007). There are not structured examinations but rather direct tests that correspond to the learners’ skills. The role of the teacher is to reduce threats in the learning environment and make it challenging. This way, learners will become critical thinkers and problem-solvers. The teacher merely facilitates the learning process as learners work in groups. He asks thoughtful and p rovoking questions that stimulate discussions. Learners brainstorm and arrive at original solutions and present them in a way of their choosing. In cognitive theory of learning, learning is a product of well-formulated strategies. The learners’ aim is to acquire facts and master concepts. They observe the teacher as he demonstrates and explains facts. The teacher employs his own strategies to capture and retain the attention of the learners. Visual aids are very important in the learning process. The learners observe graphics and use them to derive meaning through analysis and synthesis. To enhance retention of information, learners can use mnemonics and other retrieval cues. Schunk (1991) propounds that the approach applies learning strategies such as â€Å"review, examine, ask, do, and summarize† (34).Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to behaviorist theorists, the major factor that influences learning is the environment. Brain affects learning because it involves internal emotions that cannot be measured. Conditioning is the main way through which to understand learning. Inevitably, therefore, rewards and punishment influence learning. If educators motivate learners for their small accomplishments, learners will achieve more behavioral change. An ideal teacher will transfer facts and skills to the learners and assess their understanding through examinations. Constructivist theories believe that learning motivation influences learning. The role of a teacher is to motivate the learner to develop solutions rather than memorize documented solutions. Apart from motivation, experience also influences learning. The theory propounds that learners come into the learning process with their own experiences; they are not blank. The task of the teacher therefore is not to deposit knowledge on the learners but provok e and elicit discovery of new knowledge. Schunk (1991) further asserts that teacher is an influence â€Å"that performs a minimalist role geared towards most learning for least teaching† (45). The major influence in this approach is experience and motivation. Cognitive theorists hold that cognitive structures and mental maps influence learning (Piaget Roberts, 1976). As a child grows, his cognitive structure develops to be able to absorb abstract materials. The child’s developmental stage inevitably has an influence on the learning process. For instance, children who are below two years in age are in sensor motor stage. They can only interact with its environment at a physical level. Their construct of abstract reality is low. Curriculum developers must therefore formulate a curriculum that is appropriate to children’s cognitive level. Behaviorist theorists acknowledge the role of the brain in learning but their major preoccupation is with what one can observe directly. They consider what is manifest, not the thought process that leads to an action. Emotions have no place in learning according to theorists who propound this learning approach. Rather, students can learn a behavior and unlearn those behaviors that are not acceptable. Rewarding response contributes to learning more than the brain does. Reward and punishment thus form the basis for this theory. Taylor and MacKenney (2008) assert that knowledge â€Å"is separate to the human mind and the teacher must transfer it to the learner† (45). While brain is important in retaining â€Å"deposited† knowledge, the teacher must enforce acceptable behavior. Cognitive theory of learning recognizes that the brain is very important in the learning process. According to Taylor and MacKenney (2008), mental processes come first in learning. He argues that with â€Å"effective cognitive processes, learning is easier and new information can be stored in the memory for a long timeâ₠¬  (35). If the learner adopts ineffective cognitive process, it would be hard to learn and retain new information. The educator should use good instructional strategies to suit the brain processing sequence of the learner. The theorists propound that the brain is â€Å"wired† to receive knowledge in a hierarchical order. The instructor should therefore present information to the learner starting from the simple to the complex. The level of complexity should be in tandem with the learner’s cognitive levels. Constructivist theorists believe that the brain is important for discovery of new knowledge and reflection. Because they are endowed with a brain, human beings can learn without a teacher. The human brain is capable of arriving at solutions with proper guidance. The role of the teacher is therefore to provide the learner’s brain with the needed motivation to pursue knowledge. To constructivist theorists, knowledge is indivisible from the human brain. To a be haviorist theorist, a learner applies knowledge to change behavior. The educator is the source of all knowledge and he deposits this knowledge to the learner’s empty mind. The knowledge is meant to achieve behavioral change. The teacher rewards good behavior until he accomplishes the level he intends to with the learner. To test acquisition of knowledge, the teacher administers examination. In other words, the learner applies new knowledge by changing behavior. Learners apply knowledge in a way that has observable indicators. In constructivism, the learner applies new knowledge to solve problems by discovering solutions. As highlighted earlier, this learning approach is learner-centered. The teacher creates a challenging situation and allows learners to brainstorm and discuss the solution. He then complicates the issue so that in the end, the learner arrives at a solution after deep thinking. The learner then integrates the new knowledge into the old knowledge and obtains a h olistic understanding of an issue. In cognitive theory, new knowledge builds on the old knowledge. As the learner grows, his cognitive abilities increase. Cognitive development puts one in a better position to absorb complex and abstract knowledge. Learners apply new knowledge to â€Å"enhance their logical and conceptual growth† (Turner, p.23, 2007). Human beings construct reality as they interact with the environment and other people. To facilitate the learning process, different theorists design their instruction to suit their purposes of education. Behaviorist theorists are interested with behavior change and their instructional design aims to achieve that purpose. Turner (2007) observes, behaviorists, prepare the instructional design â€Å"to arrange contingencies of reinforcement under which students learn† (56). The design is teacher-centered and systematic. The teacher provides direction to learners who passively participate in the process. The design is object ivist and focused on an individual. The theory lacks the holistic aspect of other theories because of its focus on behavioral observation. The theorists integrate rewards and punishment in the design. A teacher gives compliments and rewards for small achievements from learners. The design premises on the fundamental believe that learners can learn and unlearn behavior. The proponents of constructivism theory recognize the importance of the conditions under which learning takes taking place. The physical and emotional environment plays a big role in shaping the instructional design. Human beings have an innate curiosity. Instructional design therefore recognizes that the learner is the most important person in the learning process. The design is therefore learner-centered. For testing, the design aims to match the skills acquired by the learner to the items assessed. The design is natural and holistic in several ways. The proponents of this theory discourage standardized curriculum b ecause it makes it impossible to incorporate learner’s experiences in the learning process. The design glorifies reflection, discovery of knowledge, and problem solving. Learners brainstorm in groups and the teacher’s roles is to provide a holistic environment that is not only challenging but also stimulating. Turner (2007) argues that a good design should â€Å"reduces the quantity of teaching while leaving everything unchanged† (54). The design is non-directed and learner-centered. It emphasizes the role of cognitive operations in the learning process. Additionally, it pays special focus to the group rather than an individual. Modern educationists consider constructivism theory more holistic than behaviorism theory. Educators in this approach formulate their strategies in a manner that encourages learners to analyze rather than regurgitate knowledge. The classes are usually lively and interactive with the students doing most of the talking. There are not stand ard tests as learners judge their own progress. Cognitive theorists believe that cognitive and mental structures are very important in learning. As Taylor and MacKenney (2008) assert, the instructional design must be â€Å"developmentally appropriate curriculum that enhances their students’ logical and conceptual growth† (43). It is therefore incumbent upon the teachers to take the experience of learners into consideration. The environment plays a big role in shaping the instructional design. The cognitive age of a learner determines the curriculum’s content. For instance, educators should not introduce abstract knowledge to children who have not grown out of the sensor motor stage. Rather, they should structure knowledge hierarchically. The design envisions a situation where instructors will start with easy information and increase the complexity as the learners becomes acquainted with it. Conclusion The paper has addressed three learning theories: behaviorism, cognitive, and constructivism. Each theory is unique in the way it envisions the learning process. Each theory also has its own merits and demerits and it is upon education stakeholders to decide the theory that suits their circumstances. The presence of many learning theories is evident of the attention that philosophers, psychologists, and educationists have attached to the learning process. There is no consensus as to the best theory because each works best under specific situations. For instance, constructivism theory would be inappropriate for learners with special needs. This is because learners with disabilities require specialized attention. However, behaviorism theory has become unpopular because of negating the role of brains in learning. The theories offer insightful information on how to understand and enhance the learning process. References LefrancÃŒ §ois, G. R. (2012). Theories of human learning: What the professor said. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Leonard, D. C. (2002). Learning theories, A to Z. Westport, Conn: Oryx Press. Piaget, J., Roberts, G.-A. (1976). To understand is to invent: The future of education. Harmondsworth: Penguin. Ritzer, G., Sage Publications. (2005). Encyclopedia of social theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Schunk, D. H. (1991). Learning theories: An educational perspective. New York, NY: Merrill Publishing Company. Skinner, B. F. (1976). About behaviorism. New York: Vintage Books. Taylor, G. R., MacKenney, L. (2008). Improving human learning in the classroom: Theories and teaching practices. Lanham, Md: Rowman Littlefield Education. Turner, S. (2007). Learning theories. Chandni Chowk, Delhi: Global Media. This research paper on Learning Theories: Comparative Perspective was written and submitted by user Lexie Pate to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Study for a Literature Final Using a Concept Map

Study for a Literature Final Using a Concept Map When you study for a big exam in literature class, youll soon find its easy to become overwhelmed as you review all the works that youve covered during the semester or the year. You must come up with a way to remember which authors, characters, and plots go with each piece of work. One good memory tool to consider is a color-coded concept map. Using a Concept Map to Study for Your Final As you create the memory tool, you should keep a few things in mind to assure the best study results: 1). Read the material. Don’t try to rely on study guides such as Cliff’s Notes to prepare for a literature exam. Most literature exams will reflect the specific discussions you had in class about the works that you covered. For instance, a piece of literature may have several themes, but your teacher may not have focused on the themes covered in a study guide. Use your own notesnot Cliffs Notesto create a color-coded mind map of each piece of literature you read during your exam period. 2). Connect authors with stories. One of the big mistakes that students make when studying for a literature exam is forgetting which author goes with each piece of work. It’s an easy mistake to make. Use a mind map and be sure to include the author as a major element of your map. 3.) Connect characters with stories. You might think that you’ll remember which character goes with each story, but long lists of characters can be easy to confuse. Your teacher might decide to focus on a minor character. Again, a color-coded mind map can provide a visual tool to help you memorize characters. 4.) Know antagonists and protagonists. The main character of a story is called the protagonist. This character may be a hero, a person coming of age, a character involved in a journey of some sort, or a person seeking love or fame. Typically, the protagonist will face a challenge in the form of an antagonist. The antagonist will be the person or thing that acts as a force against the protagonist. The antagonist exists to prevent the main character from achieving his/her goal or dream. Some stories can have more than one antagonist, and some people disagree on the character who fills the role of antagonist. For example, in Moby Dick, some people view the whale as the non-human antagonist for Ahab, the main character. Others believe that Starbuck is the main antagonist in the story. The point is that Ahab faces challenges to overcome, no matter which challenge is perceived by the reader to be the true antagonist. 5). Know the theme of each book. You probably discussed a major theme in class for each story, so be sure to remember what theme goes with what piece of literature. 6). Know the setting, conflict, and the climax for each work that you have covered. The setting can be a physical location, but it can also include the mood that the location evokes. Make note of a setting that makes the story more foreboding, tense, or cheerful. Most plots center around a conflict. Keep in mind that conflict can take place externally (man against man or thing against man) or internally (emotional conflict within one character). The conflict exists in literature to add excitement to the story. The conflict works like a pressure cooker, building up steam until it results in a big event, like an explosion of emotion. This is the climax of the story.

Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Scholarship Essay Example The most valuable thing I learned during the first year of my study is that practice makes perfect. Unfortunately, I did not success much during the first year, but, as we know: â€Å"you must spoil before you spin†. I feel myself a wonderer on the background of knowledge horizon that was opened to me by my teachers, that is why it is too hard for me to choose my major. Nevertheless, I hope that my long-term considerations would bear fruits to my future deliberate choice of specialization. I am sure that I will succeed and I am ready to work hard. In my life I am following the next principle: it is necessary to get at the root. Thus, the fact that I chose Solbridge International School of Business and Master’s Degree in MBA is very important for me. Business Administration is a filed of my future practicing. I am making my choice gradually, focusing on the most important facts and moving to the least ones. I hope, there are many members of committee, who would restore in their memories their student years and agree with me that it is not so easy to choose one’s major. We make this choice once and for life. Of course, there are people who cannot find themselves during all their lives, but I have used to make well-considered decision in order to hit the mark. My dear Alma Mater, my appreciation of you has no limits! Please, do not be too severe with your child. We love our children both for their ups and downs and my failure during the first year does not mean that I am a bad student. It means that I could not react properly at once and did not appreciate my scholarship. I just took it for granted. Now I see that my scholarship is your trust and your hope for me. I promise I will not let you down, Solbridge International School of Business, Sweet Solbridge International School of

Comparative Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Comparative - Research Paper Example The journey represents the physical journey as well as the inner journey. The writers have chosen to use the symbol of a journey because they want us, the reader, to embark on this path of discovery with the protagonists. Both writers have used setting and symbols extensively to signify the start, the progress and the end of the journey. They have also masterfully created protagonists we can identify with, and as we travel on with the protagonists we are made aware of their feelings and beliefs and we end up empathizing with the protagonists because we could relate to their trials and embrace their humanity as our own, â€Å"the hold upon us of a character in fiction, for instance, is its ability to remind us of all those actual people who are therein described†. (Feibleman, 1949) In â€Å"A Worn Path†, Welty has endowed her protagonist, â€Å"an old Negro woman called Phoenix Jackson† (Welty, 1941, paragraph 1) with a physical quest to make her way to town. This physical journey is also an inner quest in search for immortality. Welty has painted the setting, that of a cold December morning and the character of a very old woman in the first two paragraphs. The antics of an ancient woman are fully described and the likeness of old Phoenix grows clear to us. In just the first few lines, Welty has fully planted this old and wrinkly woman before us and presented us with a suspending question at the same time, why is this â€Å"very old and small† (Welty, 1941, paragraph 1) woman making a journey alone in the cold? Similar to Welty, Rhys has also used a symbolic journey in her work â€Å"I used to Live Here Once†. Rhys has endowed her protagonist with a physical journey across a river to return to a place she has once lived in. The physical journey is deceptively simple. In actuality, the journey is also a journey of nostalgia and atonement and carries the enormous weight of memories. The start of the journey begins with the protag onist â€Å"standing by the river† (Rhys, 1976, paragraph 1). The protagonist describes the stepping stones with great detail. Each one is different but the stones are exactly as she remembers and this is significant because in the scenes after, she seems uncertain of the way things should look. Like Welty, Rhys has presented us with a suspending question here, what has taken place that makes the protagonist reacts thus? The missions of the quests in both works are not made clear to the reader till the end of the story. However, both Welty and Rhys have used the setting extensively to show the protagonist’s progress with the journey, the passing of time and their state of mind. The characters of old Phoenix and the ghost girl are fleshed out so well that towards the end of the journey, not only are the quests explained, we also empathize with the characters. As old Phoenix embarks on her journey, Welty let us know that old Phoenix is familiar with the path but the jour ney is long. Along the journey, old Phoenix has to cross different terrains. The pinewood at the onset of the journey marks the starting point of old Phoenix’s inner quest for immortality, as pine trees are often associated with immortality. The quest is not without a struggle. It is an uphill battle but old Phoenix is resolute. She then has to make her way through a forest of oak trees, oaks representing strength and wisdom to be gained. At this point, Welty has aptly

Shearwater Case Study Essay Example for Free

Shearwater Case Study Essay Shearwater Adventures is an adventures tour operator in Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe. It specializes in rafting, canoeing, and kayaking on the Zambezi River. This river is the fourth largest river in the African continent. The company grew to dominate the â€Å"Adventure† market in Victoria Falls. As a result of this expansion, Shearwater Adventures became the most well known adventure-tour operator in the continent of Africa. This expansion occurred while the company was under the leadership of Robert Allen who joined Shearwater ten years ago. He began as a photographer with friend Mark Davis taking pictures and videos of the rafting trips. He went on to become Chief Executive Officer (CEO) after Davis’ departure. Shearwater was number one in the market. Regardless of their dominance in the Victoria Falls area and their position as leaders in the market, Shearwater adventures had to face the competition. They had to continue dominating while maintaining their reputation as a successful and profitable outdoor adventures operators. To achieve their established goals, Allen Roberts and his management team created different strategies in order to compete efficiently and to maintain their leader position. QUESTION 1: The fundamental strategies in 2006: First of all, the company was counting on its name and reputation since the word of mouth played an important role in new sales. Also, the goal of the Shearwater Adventures was to achieve repeat bookings from satisfied customers, maximize profit and increase their market share. Shearwater Adventures established partnerships and acquisitions with leading Tour Operators such as Jenman African Safaris to boost their reputation and to gain business. Acquisitions that have increased their competitive scope and profitability in the long run. Advertising is obviously key to attracting tourists who are confused about their choice concerning an adventure activity. The continuation of an advertising program was primordial for the company. The fundamental fact of their success and strength that made the company is the level of differentiation. Indeed, in comparison to their competitors, Shearwater Adventures differentiate themselves by offering far more activities than the competitors. This allows customers to have a wide range of choices from rafting trips to lion encounters. Meanwhile, most competitors offer more or less 3 options: white water rafting, boating and elephant riding. By offering more than the competitors, Shearwater created a competitive advantage by bringing customers what competitors could not. As a result, Shearwater remains a leader in the market and competitors will have no other choice than to design and create a new adventure. Otherwise, they could also copy Shearwaters products and services. In addition to its several activities, Shearwater offers packages allowing customers to choose from a selection of activities for one price. Through a differentiation strategy, and by distinguishing itself, Shearwater obtained a competitive advantage. This allowed Roberts to maintain his position in the market. As a result of these strategies, from 2004 to 2006 the number of guests increased from 26,351 to 41,868 as well as the revenue. QUESTION 2: Perform a 5-forces analysis of Shearwater’s competitive environment. FORCE 1: Rivalry among competing sellers The industry is ranges from around $400 $500 million, however this industry is fragmented: that is to say, it is spread worldwide in relation to areas offering the chance to perform such activities. There are many competitors: Over 40 areas of activities (i. e. kayaking, safari trips, extreme sports). Locations are all over the world and there are over 250,000 operators that compete in the same â€Å"outdoor activity† market. Yet, operators, such as Shearwater, focus on the local level when it comes to competing. Zimbabwe’s political and economical instability. Though Zimbabwe’s tourism had declined by 75% and inflation was at 1,200% Shearwater continued to be the market leader in the area with an 80% share market. It had managed to increase sales by 22 and 39% percent in the last couple of years. Shearwater dominates in Victoria Falls and become the most well known adventure tour in all of Africa. Even though Shearwater is the leader, companies have partnered up in acquisitions, associations and networks with other businesses in order to increase their market share. Rivalry among competitors is high. FORCE 2: Threat of New Entry For small businesses to enter the industry, the cost may be as low as $20,000 for a single activity operation. For larger, full-service operations a large entry cost of $200,000 is estimated. It may be difficult to start an operation in the U. S. because of cost of permits and government, state or municipal regulations. However, installing a new company is Southern Africa (for example Zimbabwe and other surrounding countries) is quite feasible for new operators in the market. We must continue to take into consideration the current economical and political instability of Zimbabwe for those organizations attempting to enter this market There is a certain â€Å"Experience Curve† path that a new company may experience. It is important for management to be thoroughly aware of every detail concerning operations and financial matters, as well as the local market. This experience may take some time to acquire. On top of that, a new competitor should realize that it would be competing with other brands (especially Shearwater) that have an already established notoriety, a client list and advertising distributors. Threat of entry is relatively moderate. FORCE 3: Threat of Substitute Products This is an â€Å"Outdoors/ Extreme Activities† Market. The necessary ingredients to create this service involve irreplaceable factors such as: waterfalls, natural water rapids, mountains, fresh air, nature, scenery, etc. There are new activities that may be though of, however those would go directly into competition, and would not be considered as substitutes. Threat of Substitute Products is low. FORCE 4: Bargaining Power of Suppliers The nature of the service supplied is not a commodity, and cannot be reproduced or duplicated. Even though suppliers reach the 250,000 mark worldwide, these operators are vastly spread out concerning the nature of the activity. White water rafting for instance, requires a location with a water body, waterfalls, rapids, wild outdoors settings and beautiful sceneries, among other things. The company can only go as far as supplying the equipment needed to ride these waters. The only way operators may integrate backwards is if they decide to produce their own equipment and trained professionals. However, this would only be a good strategy if the costs were less than what they already pay to suppliers. Given the type of activity offered, there is a small chance of supply shortage. The Bargaining Power of Suppliers is moderately high. FORCE 5: Bargaining Power of Buyers The demand for this industry is moderately sized. The target age in the industry was from mid 40’s to early 50’s. These people had the drive to stay â€Å"young at heart† and the available income to fulfill these desires. Until recently, the media has created an awareness of adventurous locations, and their desire to explore them increased. They may only integrate backwards by buying their own equipment and training themselves on outdoor skills. However, since most of the consumers are over the age of 40, this seems to be a bit of a challenge. Although Shearwater advertised locally and partnering with tour operators, the local community seems to have a certain amount of power over the promotion of this company. It has progressively gained notoriety, and Roberts should be mindful that should he upset the community, they may bad mouth his business. The Bargaining Power of Buyers is moderate. QUESTION 3: What are the KSFs for competing in the Extreme Adventure Sporting Industry? There are several variables that have had a direct impact on the effectiveness of Shearwater’s business. The specific factors that underlie the success of Shearwater Adventures are: Brand Recognition: The company relied on its name to achieve their goal of repeat bookings, and cooperation with other companies (e. g. tour operators) for cross-selling opportunities could offer them a higher probability to gain exposure and business. Strong Leadership ; Management: Mike Davis and Allen Roberts were excellent entrepreneurs. Their leadership, particularly Roberts’ role as Shearwater’s CEO after Davis left, played a critical role in enabling Shearwater to dominate the outdoor adventure market. Favorable Destination: Opening an outdoor adventure company in the United States is difficult due to the cost of permits, so opening an adventure operation in South Africa was more attractive and cost-effective. Strategic Partnerships: Strategic partnerships played an important role in Shearwater’s successful growth, since â€Å"Industry leaders were partnering through acquisitions, organized associations, and reseller networks in order to increase repeat bookings from satisfied customers. † Strategic Advertising ; Marketing: Their goal was to target and direct customers at the start of their vacation. Shearwater engaged in intense local advertising to attract a large number of newly arriving tourists who had not chosen an adventure. This allowed it to attract a large share of newly arriving, non-committed tourists. Variety of Activities Offered: Larger variety of outdoor adventures activities was a strong differentiation for Shearwater. Most competitors had a limited number of activities, making Shearwater superior in the local market. Companies that could offer a variety of activities had a much higher probability of gaining repeat business. Pricing Strategy: Bundling activities that allowed customers to choose from a selection of activities for one price was highly attractive and added to the company’s value and success. Cross-Selling Opportunities: Shearwater’s expansion into related business activities, like tourist transportation, lodging, and video ; photos, allowed the company to cross-sell and increase its sales revenue through these related business segments. Community Support: Support from locals was also an important reason for the company’s success, as it added credibility to the company. It enabled smooth operations for Shearwater, increased its reputation, and thus increasing its strength in the industry. Skilled ; Qualified Team: Through Allen Roberts’ leadership, he continued to build a solid management team due to his knack for attracting the right person for the right job. These 10 Key Success Factors have contributed to the growth and success of Shearwater Adventures, and has continued to make them a current market leader in the outdoor adventures industry in the Victoria Falls area. 4. SWOT Analysis Strengths: Located in the touristic area of the Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe Shearwater is considered to be the giant leader of the area (with 80% market share), in fact leader of all Africa Company driven by a knowledgeable and experienced anager, Allen Roberts â€Å"Industry image†, extreme sports are seen as a way to enjoy time away from hectic lives (average age of customers between 40s and 50s) Shearwater Adventures LTD. offers a wider range of activities then competitors (at least 11 activities against 3 for competitors) Possibility to organize both individual trips and packages (e. g. â€Å"Ticket to Adventure† package, where you can make huge savings and choose what you want to do and when) Strong local level awareness, â€Å"Word Of Mouth† has helped increase sales Entertainment Media helps increase popularity of the industry (Fear Factor, ESPN, Survivor etc. Improved equipment quality Weaknesses: Although Shearwater Adventures have 80% of the market share, competition is tough enough for company to worry about continuing market domination while maintaining its reputation as a â€Å"successful outdoor adventures operator† The company clearly has a tight budget, â€Å"Roberts and his management team had already cut Shearwater’s expenses to the bone and had given up their company cars for motorbikes† (p. paragraph 3) Weak global level awareness, as companies looked to grow their market share and increase customer base on a local level (global level seemed ore of an obstacle) It appears that outdoor activities companies must deal with aging equipment and older owners when company reaches its maturity Opportunities: The Shearwater Adventures LTD. can link up with international travel companies for purposes such as gaining international awareness and prepaid guaranteed reservation Implement a better advertising plan for re peat bookings and cross-selling Maybe the business should consider acquiring other companies? Creating a new venture to attract a younger crowd Threats: Zimbabwe’s economical and political instability has caused a 75% decrease of the country’s tourism and inflation was 1200% causing prices to double every 22 days Competitors might offer a wider range of activities as it is relatively inexpensive and there are enough ventures to copy Shearwater or add new adventures 5. Provide recommendations concerning Shearwaters future strategy As we know Shearwater is already the leading company in the adventure/extreme industry for the contient, logically, the main question will be how to improve when you are already the number one or at least, how to stay number one? Buying Companies the idea of buying companies was from Allen Roberts himself and was, from my point of view, one of the most intresting. Buying companies allow you to kill the competition (within the area) and in the meantime to increase your market share by absorbing the competitors. In the other hand Shearwater will need a substantial amount of money for this type of investments, money that they may not be able to collect. Despite the financial factors, integrating competitors to the company will allow Mr Roberts to create his own rivalry in the Victorias fall area, allowing to expend, generate more revenues while controlling the all business. Targeting Market Segment The actual targeted segment, people who are â€Å"mid 40s to early 50† are certainly interested in lion encounter or safary but maybe less by more extreme sports such as kayaking or rafting. By focusing on this market segment they completely forget generation who grew up witth that kind of sports. Enhance by the media and famous energy drinks ( https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=mFo-HKKOsXchd=1 ) adventure or extreme sports have become a very important trend for the 20-30 years old. It would be a shame to miss such an opportunity to increase the market share when the only effort you have to make is to make people aware of your complex. Developing the companys assets A wide range of activities, affordables prices, but do they really focus on the essential? People around 50 are attracted by this healthy way of living so why dont they develop a healthy/fitness programme. Mixing sports and dietetic/healthy food as it is the trend nowdays. This strategy is using the current assets of the company in a different way that could be a lot more appealing for customers. Worldwide vision Advertising on a local/national level would be useless for Shearwater as it is already recognize as the number one. What they neeed is a worldwide vision, let people know that they are providing one of the best experience in the adventur industry, and if people are not interested in sport why wont they come for the location in itself. The use of new type of communication such as facebook twitter or threw sponsors (Red bull, Monsters.. ) have already helped the cause of extreme sports and pointed out the fact that people are more than intrested in that kind of leisure. Be a precursor In every single industry, leading companies overcome difficulties by creating their own product and/or creating the demand. In the past few years a lot of new sports have immerged, creating one, could be the chance of an international recognition and healthy finance. Their status of number one is not immutable, they should use their monopoly on the market to create what they think would be the adventure industry of tomorrow. As a reminder, the main question of the case study was â€Å"how to continue to dominate the market while maintaining the reputation as a successful outdoor adventures operator†. The difficulty of chosing a strategy is emphasis by their status of number one, with no comparable company all over the continent the only reasonable choice seems to completely create the wanted path. They got the recognition, the infrastructures as well as a strong leadership. By having a step ahead of the competitions they can maintain their reputation but for how long? To conclude, strenghen by their position, they should choke the competition by redifining what aventure industry means in their own words.

Shakespeare in the Sound and the Fury Essay -- Sound and the Fury Essa

Shakespeare in the Sound and the Fury    The "Tomorrow" soliloquy in Act V, scene v of the Shakespearean tragedy Macbeth provides central theme and imagery for The Sound and the Fury.   Faulkner may or may not agree with this bleak, nihilistic characterization of life, but he does examine the characterization extensively.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Creeps in this petty pace from day to day   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To the last syllable of recorded time;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And all our yesterdays have lighted fools   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The way to dusty death.   Out, out brief candle!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That struts and frets his hour upon the stage   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And then is heard no more.   It is a tale   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Signifying nothing (Shakespeare 177-8).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The passage suggests man is mortal while time is immortal.   Time maintains its pace independently of man's actions; it creeps through man-made institutions eventually leading to man's death.   However, time maintains indifference towards man.   Life spans are infinitesimal in comparison to the smallest division of time.   In reality, the significance man ascribes to human existence is false: life has no significance.   Life is merely a brief episode of strutting and fretting, "full of sound and fury, . . . signifying nothing."    Every section of the Sound and the Fury relates to Macbeth's speech. Each narrator presents life as "full of sound and fury," represented in futile actions and dialogue.   Benjy, Quentin, Jason, and Dilsey all emit constant wor... ... Faulkner's views on life, a supposed contrast to Macbeth's.   After hundreds of pages of examining Shakespeare's passage, Faulkner concludes his work with an uplifting transcendence of nihilism.   Faulkner leaves the reader with hope, the signification of meaning yet to come.    Works Cited    Commentary. The Sound and the Fury. Olemiss Resources   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.mcsr.olemiss.edu/~egjbp/faulkner/n-sf.html    Faulkner, William. The Sound and the Fury. New York: Vintage Books, 1984.    Harold, Brent. "The Volume and Limitations of Faulkner's Fictional Method." Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 11, 1975.    Irwin, John T. "A Speculative Reading of Faulkner" Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 14, 1975.    Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. New York: Washington Square Press, 1992.   

Cool

Identify two situations in which people would be expected to use the service described in the passage; and 6 summarize the main idea of the passage; discuss reasons why the business described in the passage seems likely to be a success. 8. Complete the exercise that follows. Writing in Chinese, use the space provided to narrate an incident or event that you experienced as a student in high school or college.In your response you may include, but are not limited to, the following information. When the incident or event took place here the incident or event took place the circumstances in which the incident or event took place 7 9. Imagine that a friend from a country associated with Chinese is considering enrolling in a postgraduate program at a college or university in the general area where you are currently living and has asked you to provide some information about the area in which you live. Write a letter in Chinese to your friend responding to this request for information.In your letter you must include, but are not limited to, the following topics: 8 a brief description of some important features of the area in which you live (for example, climate, natural features, distribution of people, mix of population, regional differences within the state, cultural amenities, educational and medical facilities, recreational and entertainment options); and an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of living and going to school in your area. 10. Read the instructions below.You will have two minutes to study these instructions. Then, when you are told to do so, begin to respond in Mandarin. You may take up to two minutes to complete your response. You will be told when the two minutes are up. You may begin studying the instructions now. You will be told when to begin peaking. (The examine will read in the test booklet:) Imagine that a friend from a country associated with Chinese has been offered a Job in a city near where you live, and asks your opinion on the p ros and cons of living and working in your area.Speaking in Mandarin, discuss the advantages and but are not limited to, the following topics: a brief description of some of the important features of the area in which you live (for recreational and entertainment options); and an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of living and working in your area. (The examine will have two minutes to study the instructions above; then two minutes to respond on audiotape. ) 9 11. Imagine that you are attending a summer institute at a university in a country associated with Chinese.You are asked to speak to a group of students about your previous college experiences. Speaking in Mandarin, describe a college or university you have attended. In your response you may include, but are not limited to, the following topics: a description of a college or university you have attended; an explanation of why you chose to attend that college or university; an analysis of what you liked and disliked a bout the college or university. Cool Ice free northwest passage for half the year, flooded cities in Asia (Bengal), raciness, severe drought affecting food production, emergence of new deserts, etc. 4. ) How are warmer temperatures affecting the migration of crops? Champagne region of France is becoming too warm for traditional champagne grapes, so they are starting to grow them in England, along with olive trees. 5. ) What is involved in the carbon footprint a common product such as a cheeseburger?All the energy consumed to make up the component parts of the cheeseburger and the greenhouse gases produced as a result= the feedstock for cattle, growing lettuce, wheat for bun, milking the cattle, processing milk for cheese, ND processing cattle for meat, trucking (transporting) the various parts, keeping the meat cold, plus methane gas produced by the cattle 6. ) So, what is the carbon footprint off cheeseburger in the US? 200 million metric tones, more than all the Subs In the united States 7. How might an Increase of DC affect the planet? Rapid changes in the biosphere, especially marine life of the oceans, dying off of coral reefs, flooding of island states, melting of Grassland's glaciers, etc. 8. ) What significant ocean system could break down that could magnify the warming effect? Carbon sink provided by tiny sea creatures that absorb carbon dioxide from which they build their shells, but warmer water changes Its coldly which dissolves their shells and prevents them from forming new ones.This loss in turn will affect the marine life food change and loss of biodiversity. When the oceans can no longer absorb Carbon dioxide it will escape into the atmosphere adding to the levels of the atmosphere. 9. ) What Is a glacial Million and why are they so dangerous In terms of speeding up straight through to the bottom of the glacier creating a hydroplane on which huge asses of ice get propelled faster into the sea where it will melt and add its mass to ocean levels. 10. ) How much would the melted Gree nland Ice field raise sea levels by? M which would flood London, Bangkok, New York Shanghai, etc. 1 1 . ) In what way is the melting of Arctic Ice such a concern and a potential â€Å"runaway train†? Lack of ice means more sunlight can be absorbed by the oceans which in means less heat is reflected back into space, creating even more heat and more melting†¦ The warmer it gets the faster it gets warmer. 12. ) How much warmer does it eve to get before we are arguably at a â€Å"tipping† point of climate change? ICC 13. ) What major changes will a ICC warming cause for the planet?Arctic is ice free all summer, Amazon rainforest's dries out, snow caps on the Alps disappear, El Onion's extreme weather becomes normal, heat waves would be the norm, temperatures in Europe would more like what is currently typical of the middle east, etc. 14. ) What was the first global warming disaster to affect a wealthy nation in 2003 and what was the impact? A heat wave across Europe t hat killed 30 000 people, over 14 000 of them in France over a period of a few weeks. On August 10th alone, 2500 to 3000 people died, mostly elderly. 15. What else happened during the 2003 headwater that was an indication of another unforeseen side affect of warming? Trees and other vegetation started to release carbon dioxide instead of being able to absorb it as photosynthesis broke down. 16. ) What ominous changes occurred in the Amazon river basin in 2005? Tributaries dried up, forest fires spread and killed large quantities of trees needed to produce rainfall, therefore making conditions drier. 17. ) What conditions are common to El Ion patterns and how might a ICC warmer limited be affected by them?Trade winds and ocean currents move east instead of west across the Pacific bringing torrential rainstorms to South America and drought to Australia and Indonesia, with ICC warming this could mean even more energy to drive hurricanes whose fuel is warm ocean water. 18. ) What would the planet be like with a ICC average global warming? Delta areas, home to a billion people will be flooded, other areas will become deserts, west Antarctic ice would melt, major losses of fresh water such as the glacial source of the holy Ganges River in India. Compared to developed countries?Developing countries like India, Indonesia, etc. Do not necessarily have the billions of dollars that would be needed to invest in hydrophilic dams like developed countries such as England has. 20. ) How many refugees might there be with warming of ICC? Ass's of millions of climate refugees. 21 . ) What would the consequences of an average global warming of ICC be? There could be mass extinctions, ocean wastelands, massive desertification on land, a global catastrophe 22. ) What is ironic about our current global warming crisis due to the burning of fossil fuels, given the Earth's past history?The last major mass extinction occurred due to global warming, whereby the earth corrected its climat e imbalance by the â€Å"killing† off of mass quantities of life that were then buried by eroded material. This corrected the abundance of CO levels in the atmosphere by â€Å"sinking† them. The irony is that we have extracted them now as our sources of fossil fuels, and are releasing that stored carbon into the atmosphere as we burn them for energy, creating a previous cycle that led to mass extinction. 23. ) What are some practical changes we must make in order to prevent warming of this scale?Reducing the use of energy that uses fossil fuels that create greenhouse gases, use energy more efficiently, such as unplugging appliances to avoid wasted â€Å"vampire† energy draws, doubling fuel efficiency of vehicles, using solar power, wind power, tidal power, geothermal energy, etc. Starting now! 24. ) How much time do scientists believe we have to avoid going over the tipping point into accelerated global warming and climate change? As little as 10 years 25. ) Mak e a commitment: what 5 things can you commit to changing in your lifestyle to reduce your ecological footprint and cut down on energy consumption? Answers will vary. Discuss.